備長炭

偶爾看到中文電視的樂聲牌熱水壺廣告中提到「備長炭」，恐怕不少人還不知道什麼叫「備長炭」吧。

「備長炭」是一種木炭，原產地是和歌山縣，古時這一地區叫紀州。早在平安時代(800年)，紀州人就開始製木炭，當時稱熊野木炭，直到元祿年間(1700年)，紀州出現了專賣木炭的店，店名「備中屋長左衛門」，從此人們就將熊野木炭叫作「備長炭」。「備長炭」是用當地特產的「馬目堅」木材，在攝氏1200度高溫下烘燒而成的。「備長炭」十分堅硬，通常硬度在5到6度之間，與鋼的硬度差不多，用普通鋸是鋸不斷的。烘成的木炭體積是原木的三分之一，但是重量卻只有原木的十分之一。「備長炭」炭化度高、比重大，雖然木炭中多氣孔，但是放入水中仍會沉底。

過去的紀州人把「備長炭」主要用來冬天取暖和燒烤食物，有時也用來防潮。1972年中國發現了震動世界的「馬王堆古墳」，古墳內一具埋藏了二千年的女屍肌體仍有彈性，內臟尚未完全腐爛，整個屍體處於通常人死後四天的狀態。日本人研究認為，二千年前的屍體能保持至今，與屍體周圍放置著木炭有關。於是，對「備長炭」進行了深入的分析研究。

研究結果發現，「備長炭」有吸收負離子，增加正離子功能。其波長是4---14微米，而人體吸收紅外線波長帶是在4—50微米之間，所以「備長炭」有溫熱人體的效果。「備長炭」是丌電子共嗚構造，有高導電性，故具有中和有害電磁波的功效。

現在「備長炭」已被大量用來改良食水、將它放在自來水中，可以分解吸收水中氯和有害物質，使自來水變得近似礦泉水美味可可。將「備長炭」放置浴池內，可以消除疲勞，通過遠紅外線作用使人體發熱，促進血液循環，增強新陳代謝。因「備長炭」有截斷電磁波的功能，如在室內四隅放上「備長炭」，可提高音響效果。另外，「備長炭」有調節濕度作用，可用來保存家俱和衣類。也可以放在鞋柜、衣柜或抽屜內除臭。

在烘燒「備長炭」時，將窯內炭煙收集蒸溜後可製成「木醋液」。「木醋液」有一種獨特的香味，可以用來驅虫，防白蟻。紀州人還將「備長炭」做成與木琴相似的「炭琴」和「炭鈴」，聲音悅耳動聽。
 

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